# Speeds and Feeds

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## Speeds and Feeds

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Use this page as a reference when setting up toolpaths in VCarve. Start conservative - increase feed rate only after successful test cuts on scrap material. Match RPM to material type and bit diameter.

<p class="callout info">**1.5kW spindle limit:** Avoid bits larger than ~1.5" diameter - excess rotational mass can fault the VFD.</p>

#### Starter Values (Not Yet Shop-Verified)

Values below are placeholders derived from manufacturer guidance and Vectric defaults. They will be replaced after test cuts at the makerspace.

<table border="1" id="bkmrk-materialbit-typediam" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"><thead><tr><th>Material</th><th>Bit type</th><th>Diameter</th><th>RPM</th><th>Feed (IPM)</th><th>Depth/cut</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Hardwood</td><td>Up-cut end mill</td><td>1/4"</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>From manual - verify at shop</td></tr><tr><td>Plywood</td><td>Up-cut end mill</td><td>1/4"</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>From manual - verify at shop</td></tr><tr><td>MDF</td><td>Up-cut end mill</td><td>1/4"</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>From manual - verify at shop</td></tr><tr><td>Plastic</td><td>Up-cut end mill</td><td>1/4"</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>**TBD**</td><td>From manual - verify at shop</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p class="callout warning">**TBD:** Shop-verified speeds and feeds after test cuts. Rows will be tagged "shop-verified" when confirmed.</p>

#### General Guidance

- Always confirm units (IPM vs mm/min) match your G-code post-processor
- Use VCarve’s tool database as a starting point, then verify on scrap material
- Reduce depth per pass if you hear chattering or see poor chip evacuation
- Refer to bit manufacturer recommendations for your specific cutter

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