# Hardware and Machine Anatomy

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## Hardware and Machine Anatomy

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#### Manufacturer Specifications (Gen 2 Foreman)

- **Cut area:** ~49" × 49⅞" (1245 × 1248 mm)
- **Z travel (Z-20 slider):** ~165 mm (~6.5")
- **Gantry clearance:** up to ~160 mm depending on Z-slider mount height
- **Motion:** closed-loop steppers; 60 mm X rail / 50 mm Y rails
- **Spindle:** [Redline 80mm 1.5kW air-cooled](https://www.onefinitycnc.com/product-page/onefinity-spindle-by-redline-cnc-80mm-1-5kw-air-cooled) - ER20 collet (up to 1/2" shank); max ~1.5" bit diameter recommended
- **Power:** 110V spindle

#### Our Setup (Makerspace)

<table border="1" id="bkmrk-settingvalueimplicat" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"><thead><tr><th>Setting</th><th>Value</th><th>Implication</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>**Z-20 mount position**</td><td>Highest position</td><td>Maximizes gantry clearance (~160 mm) but **reduces** effective Z reach to the spoilboard - plan job thickness accordingly</td></tr><tr><td>**Spoilboard**</td><td>3/4" (19 mm)</td><td>Include in Z-zero and max cut depth calculations; resurfacing removes material over time</td></tr><tr><td>**Workholding**</td><td>T-tracks</td><td>Use T-track clamps and fixtures (no vacuum table)</td></tr><tr><td>**Dust collection**</td><td>Not installed yet</td><td>Coming very soon - use shop vac / manual cleanup until installed</td></tr></tbody></table>

Effective max work height also depends on spindle position in the mount and bit stick-out. Tall workpieces may eventually require lowering the Z assembly (trading gantry clearance for more Z reach).

<p class="callout warning">**TBD:** Exact effective max cut height measurement for our current mount + spoilboard setup.</p>

#### Bits and Collets

The spindle uses an **ER20 collet system**. Collet size must match your bit’s shank diameter exactly - using the wrong size collet is a safety hazard.

<table border="1" id="bkmrk-specvaluenotes-colle" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"><thead><tr><th>Spec</th><th>Value</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>**Collet type**</td><td>ER20</td><td>Standard ER20 collets; select size to match bit shank diameter exactly</td></tr><tr><td>**Max shank diameter**</td><td>1/2" (12.7 mm)</td><td>Largest ER20 collet size; do not attempt larger shanks</td></tr><tr><td>**Max bit diameter**</td><td>~1.5"</td><td>Larger bits have excess rotational mass and can fault the VFD - avoid</td></tr><tr><td>**Installation**</td><td>Two wrenches required</td><td>One wrench on the spindle flat, one on the collet nut; never run with a loose collet</td></tr></tbody></table>

Install and tighten the bit **before** any spindle power. Always inspect the collet for wear or damage before use; replace if needed.

#### Component Glossary

<table border="1" id="bkmrk-componentwhat-it-isc" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"><thead><tr><th>Component</th><th>What it is</th><th>Controlled by</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>**Spindle**</td><td>Motor that spins the cutting bit</td><td>VFD + RTS-X</td></tr><tr><td>**VFD**</td><td>Variable Frequency Drive - converts power and sets spindle RPM</td><td>RTS-X (must **not** be in manual/local mode during jobs)</td></tr><tr><td>**Z-20 slider**</td><td>Heavy-duty vertical axis assembly</td><td>RTS-X motion firmware</td></tr><tr><td>**RTS-X controller**</td><td>Real-time motion controller (closed-loop on Elite)</td><td>RTS-X firmware</td></tr><tr><td>**Shop PC**</td><td>Dedicated CNC computer at the makerspace</td><td>RTS-X Windows app *(sole interface - no HMI touchscreen)*</td></tr><tr><td>**VCarve Pro**</td><td>CAM/design software - creates toolpaths, does not run the machine</td><td>Separate from RTS-X</td></tr></tbody></table>

**Note:** This machine does **not** have the optional Redline HMI touchscreen. All homing, zeroing, file import, simulation, and job execution happen through RTS-X on the dedicated shop PC.

<p class="callout warning">**TBD:** Physical layout diagram - shop photos of spindle, VFD, e-stop, shop PC station, and work area. Link stock Onefinity manual diagram until then.</p>

<p class="callout warning">**TBD:** Shop-specific power outlet / breaker labeling.</p>

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